Differential diagnosis. Oxacron differs from Caintheriinae by visibility off subtriangular top molars in place of crested looks, a shorter postparacristula, thin premolars, a weaker postprotoconulid, a beneficial biradiculate P/step one, diastemata anywhere between P/2-P/step 3 and you may P1/-P2/, and you may an excellent protocone more mesial compared to the paracone on P4/. It differs including out of Plesiomeryx and you will Caenomeryx species by the faster size, a smaller protocone on P3/, and the lack of a protocone with the P2/. They differs from Cainotherium because of the faster dimensions, its lack of cingula/ids with the premolars, a beneficial triangular P3/, together with visibility from an area within entoconid and the mesoconid to your lower molars. Oxacron is notable on almost every other Oxacroninae Paroxacron of the shorter premolars, a good P1/, P/step 1, and you will P/dos caniniforms, a shorter mesial lobe on P3/, an excellent triangular P4/, along with a smaller sized paraconule toward top molars. In the end, Oxacron differs from Palembertina gen. late. by many characters (select a lot more than).
Situation off Palembert. Palembert is situated in brand new Quercy phosphorites city (South west from France) around the community regarding Caylus (Tarn-et-Garonne, France).
Abilities
Dysfunction. Oxacron courtoisii from Palembert is recorded of the their down dentition which have two fragmentary dentaries. According to alveola pattern of Buddy 59 (Profile 2A-B), the fresh new P/step one is biradiculate. Very short diastemata are present anywhere between P/1-P/2 and you will P/2-P/step 3. P/step 3 and you will P/cuatro is short. The brand new P/step 3 merchandise a powerful protoconid and you may a primary distal cristid lingually rounded. This new P/cuatro suggests a beneficial protoconid more mesial than the metaconid. The talonid basin are large having a tiny postprotoconulid and you can good quick hypoconid. The entoconid is very poor.
The low molars (Buddy 59, Pal 61; Profile 2A-D) introduce the newest “Caintotherium package” with around three highest lingual cuspids: an excellent mesial metaconid, a good medial metaconulid, and you will good distal entoconid. The paraconid is short. The metaconulid is actually high, from the fresh metaconid and you can separated by an extended mediocristid. The fresh talonid is bucco-lingually limited with a big centroconulid and you will a good postendocentroconulid extended distolingually. New entoconid is actually looped and distal versus hypoconid. This new Yards/3 gifts a massive hypoconulid instead of good posthypocristulid. The latest mesial cingulid is rather higher.
The fresh mandible (Friend 59) shows several rational foramina towards the lateral ramus, you to beneath the mesial part of P/2 and something underneath the mesial part of P/4 (Contour 2B). The latest lateral ramus is gracile and you will low, and its peak is quite lingering involving the premolar town and you can the final molar. Brand new angular apophysis, not maintained, is actually mesially delimited of the a robust incisura vasorum (Pal 59, Friend 60; Contour 2B, 2D).
Phylogenetic Research
The cladistic studies chose one parsimonious tree (length = 183, Surface List [CI] = 0.forty-eight, Storage List [RI] = 0.73, CI in just parsimony-informative emails = 0.45; Profile 4), showing a proper-prepared laws and you may seemingly poor homoplasy. The fresh new topology was congruent thereupon out of Weppe et al. (2020), the fresh taxon Palembertina deplasi late. gen. nov. sp. https://www.datingranking.net/nl/sugarbook-overzicht/ looking its lay during the monophyletic Cainotheriidae, while the brother taxon on clade C (Oxacroninae, Cainotheriinae). The latter collects one or two subfamilies: Oxacroninae, having Oxacron and Paroxacron; and you may Cainotheriinae, which have Plesiomeryx, Caenomeryx, and you may Cainotherium.
New monophyly away from Cainotheriidae, together with Palembertina gen. biguous synapomorphies (Bremer index [BI] = 4). He is characterized by the exposure on the higher molars, of: a large parastyle the same as other designs (8 1 ; RI = 0.67), a good distostyle (11 step 1 ; RI = 0.89), a quite strong dilambdodonty (twenty-two step one ; RI = 0.88), an excellent postparacristula (29 step one ; RI = 0.86), and you can insufficient preprotocrista and paraconule junction (17 0 ; RI = 0.67); to their straight down molars, it expose: a large (36 step 1 ; RI = step 1.000) and you may customized metaconulid (37 step one ; RI = step 1.00), a beneficial neotrigonid (51 step 1 ; RI = step 1.00), plus the lack of hypoconulid with the Meters/step one and you will Meters/2 (41 0 ; RI = 0.75). Contained in this Cainotheriidae, Palembertina gen. nov. ‘s the very first offshoot and appears as the fresh brother taxon to the brand new clade C (Oxacroninae, Cainotheriinae). It shows about three autapomorphies: a primary diastema ranging from P/2-P/step three (6 step 1 ; RI = 0.33), along with an excellent looped mesostyle (ten 0 ; RI = 0.50) and you can a huge distostyle (twelve step 1 ) to your higher molars. New clade C (BI = 2) is backed by six non-confusing synapomorphies, with the upper molars: a great distal protocone (thirteen 2 ; RI = 0.94), a tiny cingulum related the brand new protocone (20 1 ; RI = 0.58), and you will a long postprotocrista (twenty-eight 1 ; RI = 0.50); towards the all the way down molars: an incredibly distal entoconid (43 2 ; RI = 1.00), and the absence of a beneficial basin-formed hypoconulid (forty 0 ; RI = 0.75) and of posthypocristulid (55 0 ; RI = 0.67) toward Meters/step three. Within clade C, Oxacroninae (BI=1) try supported by a good protocone a great deal more mesial versus paracone for the P4/ (62 1 ; RI = 0.50) and you will a biradiculate P/step one (77 1 ; RI = 1.00), and you will Cainotheriinae (BI = 1) is backed by a beneficial postparacristula buccally much time signing up for the fresh preprotocrista to your upper molars (thirty-two step 1 ; RI = step one.00) and you may a big postprotoconulid towards all the way down premolars (76 step one ; RI = 1.00).
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